Glutamine | Introduction | History | properties....

Glutamine | Introduction | History | properties...

GLUTAMINE AMINO ACID

History-

In 1883, German chemists Ernst. Schulze and E. Bosshard isolated L-glutamine from the juice of sugarbeets. It is the most common amino acid in human blood and a key component of proteins. In 1886, Schulze was also the first to isolate L-arginine, in this case from lupin seedlings.  It is also an important amino acid in protein biosynthesis.

Introduction- Glutamine  is an α-amino acid that is many function in the body. Glutamine is an important role in  biosynthesis of proteins. Its side chain is similar to that of glutamic acid.  The carboxylic acid group is replaced by an amide. It is classified as a charge-neutral, polar amino acid. It is non-essential and conditionally essentially. In humans, meaning the body can usually synthesize sufficient amounts of it, but in some instances of stress. It is a building block of protein and critical part of the immune system. The body's demand for glutamine increases, and glutamine must be obtained from the diet. It is encoded  by the codons CAA and CAG. In human blood, glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid.

Structure-

Properties :-

Chemical formula :- C₅H₁₀N₂O₃

Molar mass :- 146.146 g·mol−1

Melting point :- decomposes around 185°C

Thermodynamic data :- Phase behaviour (solid–liquid–gas) 

Sources-

The dietary sources of glutamine includes especially the protein-rich foods like beef, chicken, fish, dairy product, eggs, beans, beets, cabbage, spinach, 

Functions-

Glutamine plays a role in a variety of biochemical functions:

·         Protein synthesis, as any other of the 20 proteiogenic amino acid.

·         Lipid synthesis, especially by cancer cells.

·         Glutamine has a special role in intestinal health.

·         Regulation of acid-base balance in the kidney by producing ammonium.

·         It is a building block of protein and critical part of the immune system.

·         Cellular energy, as a source, next to glucose.

·         Nitrogen  donation for many anabolic processes.

·          Synthesis of purines.

·         Carbon source as a refilling the citric acid cycle.

·         Nontoxic transporter of ammonia in the blood circulation 

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