Serine Amino Acid | Introduction | Chemical Properties | Biosynthesis and Function...

Serine Amino Acid | Introduction | Chemical Properties | Biosynthesis and Function...

SERINE AMINO ACID

                                     

Introduction-

Serine is an non-essential amino acid. Serine contains ɑ-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group and carboxyl group. A side chain consisting of a hydroxymethyl group, classifying it as a polar amino acid. It can be synthesized in the human body under normal physiological circumstances, making it a nonessential amino acid. It is encoded by the codons UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU and AGC.

Properties-

Formula: C₃H₇NO₃

Molar mass: 105.09 g/mol

Solubility in water: soluble

Acidity (pK_a): 2.21 (carboxyl), 9.15 (amino)

Melting point: 246 °C (475 °F; 519 K) decomposes

Structure and properties: Refractive index (n), Dielectric constant (ε_r), etc

3D model (JSmol): Interactive image; Zwitterion: Interactive image.

Structure-

                                              

The compound is one of the naturally occurring proteinogenic amino acids. It is not essential to the human diet, since it is synthesized in the body from other metabolites, including glycine. The L-stereoisomer appears naturally in proteins. Serine was first obtained from silk protein, a particularly rich source, in 1865 by Emil Cramer. Its name is derived from the Latin for silk, sericum. Serine's structure was established in 1902.  Food sources with high L-Serine content among their proteins include eggs, edamame, lamb, liver, pork, salmon, sardines, seaweed, tofu.

Sources-

Biosynthesis-

The biosynthesis of serine starts with the oxidation of 3-phosphoglycerate to 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate and NADH by phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase  (EC 1.1.1.95). Reductive amination (transamination) of this ketone by phosphoserine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.52) yields 3-phosphoserine (O-phosphoserine) which is hydrolyzed to serine by phosphoserine phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.3).

Function-

Serine is important in metabolism in that it participates in the biosynthesis  of purines  and pyrimidines.

 It is also the precursor to numerous other metabolites, including sphingolipids and folate, which is the principal donor of one-carbon fragments in biosynthesis.

Serine plays an important role in the catalytic function of many enzymes. 

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