Threonine | Definition | History | Structure | Function......

Threonine | Definition | History | Structure | Function......

THREONINE AMINO ACID

                                     

Introduction :-

Threonine is an essential amino acid. That is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group and carboxyl group.  A side chain containing a hydroxyl group,  making it a polar, uncharged amino acid. It is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it. It must be obtained from the diet. Threonine is synthesized from aspartate in bacteria such as E. coli. It is encoded by all the codons starting AC (ACU, ACC, ACA, and ACG).

Properties :-

Chemical formula :- C₄H₉NO₃

Molar mass :- 119.120 g·mol−1

Solubility in water :- (H2O, g/dl) 10.6(30°),14.1(52°),19.0(61°)

Acidity (pKa) :- 2.63 (carboxyl), 10.43 (amino)

Thermodynamic data :- Phase behaviour (solid–liquid–gas) 

 Structure-

                                          

History-

                                                 

Threonine was the last of the 20 common proteinogenic amino acids to be discovered. It was discovered in 1936 by William Cumming Rose, collaborating with Curtis Meyer. The amino acid was named threonine because it was similar in structure to threonic acid, a four-carbon monosaccharide with molecular formula C₄H₈O_5.  

Source-

Foods contain high threonine include cottage cheese, poultry, fish, meat, lentils, black turtle bean and sesame seeds.

Racemic threonine can be prepared from crotonic acid by alpha-functionalization using mercury(II) acetate

 

Biosynthesis-

It is an essential amino acid, threonine is not synthesized in humans It is present in proteins in the diet. Adult humans require about 20 mg/kg body weight/day. In plants and microorganisms, threonine is synthesized from aspartic acid via α-aspartyl-semialdehyde and homoserine. Homoserine undergoes O-phosphorylation; this phosphate ester undergoes hydrolysis concomitant with relocation of the OH group.

Function-

Threonine is used to treat various nervous system disorders including spinal spasticity, multiple sclerosis.

It helps in the synthesis of glycine and serine which, in their turn, assist in the production of collagen, elastin, and muscle tissue.

Threonine also helps alleviate symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis and muscle.

 

 

 

 

 

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